Common Scalp Conditions: Seborrheic Dermatitis

Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin condition that often affects the scalp and other areas where the skin produces more sebum, such as the eyebrows, ears, beard area and sides of the nose. It is a chronic or recurring condition, meaning symptoms can improve and then flare again over time.

What is Seborrheic Dermatitis?

Seborrheic dermatitis occurs when inflammation develops in areas of the skin that are rich in sebaceous glands. The skin's natural yeast, Malassezia, is thought to play a role in the inflammatory process, although the exact cause is not fully understood.

On the scalp, seborrheic dermatitis can range from mild flaking similar to dandruff to more noticeable areas of redness and scaling.

What are the symptoms of Seborrheic Dermatitis?

Common symptoms of scalp seborrheic dermatitis include:

• Flaking or scaling of the scalp
• White, yellowish or greasy-looking scale
• Red or inflamed areas of skin
• Itching or irritation
• A sensitive or uncomfortable scalp
• Scaling around the hairline, behind the ears or in the eyebrows
• Symptoms that flare and settle periodically

Dandruff can be considered a mild, non-inflamed form of seborrheic dermatitis and usually presents as diffuse flaking without significant redness.

What are the causes of Seborrheic Dermatitis?

The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis is not fully understood. However, the condition is associated with the interaction between Malassezia yeast, sebum production and an individual's inflammatory response. A number of factors may contribute to flare-ups, including changes in seasons, stress, illness and individual susceptibility. The condition is not caused by poor hygiene and is not contagious.

How can you treat Seborrheic Dermatitis?

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and the symptoms experienced. Management may include medicated shampoos or topical treatments designed to reduce the levels of Malassezia yeast and control inflammation. Because seborrheic dermatitis can be a recurring condition, some people may require ongoing management to help reduce the frequency or severity of flare-ups.

If you are experiencing persistent scalp flaking, redness, itching or irritation, professional assessment can help establish whether seborrheic dermatitis may be contributing to your symptoms and whether medical referral is appropriate.