Frequently Asked Questions hair loss restoration mesotherapy for hair

Polynucleotides are naturally occurring molecules derived from long chain nucleotides - the building blocks of DNA and RNA. In the medical sector they have long been used to help repair knee -tissue injuries, and in aesthetic medicine they are also used widely for anti-aging benefits and hair growth. When injected into the skin, Polynucleotides act as cellular messengers, stimulating Type 1 and Type 3 collagen formation, improving blood circulation, and reducing inflammation.

Do polynucleotides come from fish?

Yes, the polynucleotides available for aesthetic medicine are derived either from Salmon or Trout DNA. This is because Salmon and Trout DNA closely resemble human DNA. Products used at The PMU Clinic are safe, and CE marked. You will be given a copy of the lot and batch number at every appointment.

How are they administered?

Polynucleotides are usually administered via small injections (mesotherapy), into the upper dermis of the scalp. They can also be delivered by microneedling into the scalp, or a combination of both methods.

What are the benefits for hair and scalp?

1. Reduction of inflammation in the scalp tissue: As inflammation can inhibit hair growth, Polynucleotides are a good option to improve overall scalp health;

2. Increased microcirculation to the hair follicle, creating a better environment for the hair follicle to received oxygen and micronutrients;

3. Wound healing (cellular regeneration and tissue repair): Polynucleotides can assist with the reduction of surgical scarring;

4. Type 1 and Type 3 collagen production: Thickening of the epidermis provides a stronger structure for the hair follicle to grow.

How many treatments will I need?

Protocols vary. Mesotherapy methods will usually be spaced 2 weeks apart for 4 sessions, and then monthly for the following 4 before moving onto maintenance sessions every 6 months. Microneedling will require a minimum of 4 sessions spaced 4 weeks apart. If you decide to combine microneedling with a polynucleotide serum, the microneedling protocol will take precedence in order to respect the healing phase of the skin.

Am I good candidate for polynucleotides?

If you are looking to improve your scalp health and have mild-moderate hair loss, polynucleotides may be a good option for you. If you have sudden and/or severe hair loss, we advise you to see a Trichologist. 

 Exosomes are extracellular vesicles, naturally occurring in our cells. They are responsible for cell to cell communication, and contain multiple components of a cell (lipids, RNA, DNA etc). They were originally thought to be responsible for carrying waste products away from the cells, but in recent years further research has shown that they can aid cellular regeneration and repair. 

In the UK, use of human derived exosomes is banned. At The PMU Clinic we use ‘XO Nature’ from 4T Medical. This is a plant-based exosome with 36 billion particles mixed with peptides, cytokine, miRNA, polyphenol, amino acid, and hyaluronic acid.

What are the benefits? How do ‘XO Nature’ Exosomes help hair growth?

The active solution is formulated with:

• Hyaluronic  Acid: Creates a moisture barrier to keep skin hydrated, essential for healthy hair growth;
• Amino acids: Reducing inflammation in the scalp tissue. As inflammation can inhibit hair growth,  XO Nature is a good option to improve overall scalp health and reduce hair loss;
• Increased microcirculation to the hair follicle, creating a better environment for the hair follicle to received oxygen and micronutrients;
• Wound healing (cellular regeneration and tissue repair): XO Nature Supports  wound healing by activating keratinocytes, aiding scar reduction from biopsy’s and FUE/FUT procedures.
• Vitamins: Promotes skin brightening and overall skin health.
• Peptides:  Stimulates collagen production (supporting hair follicle growth)

How are they administered?

Exosomes are ONLY administered by microneedling, at 4 weekly intervals. No type of exosome is suitable for injection, as this can lead to long lasting histamine reactions and granulomas. 

How many sessions will I need?

You will need a minimum of 4 sessions, spaced 4 weeks apart. This is to allow your skin to heal in-between sessions. 

Am I a good candidate?

If you are looking to improve your scalp health and have mild-moderate hair loss, Exosome therapy may be a good option for you. If you have sudden, severe or long term hair loss (over 1 year), we advise you to see your GP or a Trichologist first and obtain a clinical diagnosis.  

Microneedling is a non-invasive hair restoration technique that uses tiny needles to stimulate the scalp and encourage new hair growth. Originally developed in the 1990s for treating skin conditions like scars and wrinkles, microneedling has since been explored as a promising solution for hair loss, particularly androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata.

The treatment involves using a device with fine needles—similar to a derma roller—that gently punctures the skin's surface. This controlled injury helps boost collagen production and enhances the delivery of nutrients to the hair follicles.

What are the benefits?

Microneedling works by creating micro-injuries on the scalp, triggering the body’s natural healing response. This boosts blood circulation, bringing oxygen and vital nutrients directly to the hair follicles, which can help revive dormant follicles and support new hair growth.

Increased blood flow, combined with collagen stimulation, creates an ideal environment for hair regeneration. Over time, this can reduce thinning and promote visibly fuller hair. Microneedling also enhances the absorption of clinically developed treatment serums for hair loss, which further encourages hair growth. These topical serums are sterile and will be discussed further during your consultation.

What happens during a MN session?

Despite concerns, the needles used in microneedling are extremely small.  We go deep enough reach the dermis layer without causing damage, and we do not drag the needle at all. The goal is to create microchannels in the scalp, not pain or scarring. Some clients have reported that it feels 'scratchy', and others have reported it felt relaxing and nearly fallen asleep. Everyone is different.

How many sessions will I need?

We advise a minimum of 4 sessions spaced at monthly intervals. Results will vary from person to person, but hair regrowth is normally seen by month 3-4.

Am I good candidate?

Microneedling has shown promising results in clinical studies, particularly when used alongside other hair loss treatments. While it's not a cure for permanent hair loss or severe baldness (where options like FUE hair transplants may be more appropriate), microneedling can be highly effective in the early or moderate stages of hair thinning. The quicker you treat your hair loss, the better the results. 

Again if you have a severe and/or sudden onset of hair loss, we advise you obtain a clinical diagnosis first, as your hair loss may be due to an underlying medical condition or illness.

• Polynucleotides (Mesotherapy method) = 24-48 hours down time. Full after care advice will be provided during your consultation.
• Micro-needling (any product) = 3-5 days downtime. Full aftercare advice will be provided during your consultation.
• Scalp Micropigmentation = 7-14 days downtime. Full aftercare advice will be provided during your consultation.
• Permanent Make Up (Brows) = 7-14 days downtime. Full aftercare advice will be provided during your consultation.

You will be provided with aftercare products on a complimentary basis. You will also be provided with further product guidance to either purchase through The PMU Clinic or independently at shops such as Boots or Superdrug.

Whilst we would love to help, sadly no treatments can be offered whilst a person is pregnant, breastfeeding or undergoing IVF treatment. 

Why? For ethical reasons, treatments are not tested on pregnant or breastfeeding women, so the impact of injectable aesthetic treatments on babies is unknown.

If you have recently finished treatment for Cancer, we advise you to wait at least 6 months before you embark on any invasive aesthetic treatments. This is to allow your body some time to recover, and your immune system to get stronger. Having aesthetic treatments too soon could risk triggering an immune response and longer healing periods.

 If you’ve had a hair transplant that you need further help with, we can create bespoke packages to support you.

After 2 weeks, we can talk you through topical-only products, clinically designed to support your transplanted hair follicles, and healing of the donor area. 

After 3 months we can offer polynucleotides and microneedling serums, to aid healing of the donor area, and improve the appearance any FUE/FUT scarring.

After 8 months, we can offer Scalp Micropigmentation to blend in FUE/FUT scarring, and any unsuccessful areas of the transplant. 

Please note that your hair transplant results are not fully visible until 12 months after your procedure. At 6-8 months you will only see approximately 60% of the new hair growth. 

If you are suffering from sudden and/or severe hair loss, it is advisable to obtain a clinical diagnosis. You can either visit your GP and ask for a blood test to determine the cause of your hair loss or you can see a hair loss specialist called a 'Trichologist' on a private basis. Qualified Trichologists can be found via the following registers:

 The Association of Registered Trichologists 

 The Institute of Trichologists 

 Home page - International Association of Trichologists